Back Newari Afrikaans ኔፓል ባሳ Amharic Nepal Bhasa ANG اللغة النيوارية Arabic النيواريه ARZ नेपालभाषा AWA Nevar dili Azerbaijani Неварская мова Byelorussian Нэварская мова BE-X-OLD नेपाल भाषा Bihari
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| Newar | |
|---|---|
| 𑐣𑐾𑐥𑐵𑐮 𑐨𑐵𑐳𑐵, Nepal Bhasa | |
| 𑐣𑐾𑐰𑐵𑑅 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂, Nevāh Bhāy | |
 "Nepal Bhasa" written in the Ranjana script and the Prachalit Nepal script | |
| Pronunciation | [newaː bʱæː] |
| Native to | Nepal |
| Region | Nepal Mandala |
| Ethnicity | 1.3 million Newars (2021 census)[1] |
Native speakers | 880,000 (2021 census)[1] |
Early form | |
| Dialects |
|
| Ranjana script, Pracalit script, Bhujimol script, Devanagari and various Nepalese scripts | |
| Official status | |
Official language in |  India
|
| Regulated by | Nepal Bhasa Academy |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | new Nepal Bhasa, Newari |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:new – Newarinwx – Middle Newarphj – Pahari Newar |
new Newari | |
nwx Middle Newar | |
| Glottolog | newa1247 |
 | |
Newar (English: /nəˈwɑːr/)[2] or Newari,[a] known officially in Nepal as Nepal Bhasa,[4] is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal.
"Nepal Bhasa" literally means "Nepalese language"; however, the language is not the same as Nepali (Devanāgarī: नेपाली), the country's current official language of the central government. The two languages belong to different language families (Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European, respectively), but centuries of contact have resulted in a significant body of shared vocabulary.
Newar was Nepal's administrative language from the 14th to the late 18th century. From the early 20th century until democratisation, Newar suffered from official suppression.[5] From 1952 to 1991, the percentage of Newar speakers in the Kathmandu Valley dropped from 75% to 44%[6] and today Newar culture and language are under threat.[7] The language has been listed as being "Definitely endangered language" by UNESCO.[8]
- ^ a b Newar at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
Middle Newar at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
Pahari Newar at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- ^ "Newar". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Genetti, Carol (2007). A Grammar of Dolakha Newar. Walter de Gruyter. p. 10. ISBN 978-3-11-019303-9.
some people in the Newar community, including some prominent Newar linguists, consider the derivational suffix -i found in the term Newari to constitute an 'Indianization' of the language name. These people thus hold the opinion that the term Newari is non-respectful of Newar culture.
- ^ Maharjan, Resha (2018). The Journey of Nepal Bhasa: From Decline to Revitalization (M.Phil. thesis). UIT The Arctic University of Norway.
- ^ Tumbahang, Govinda Bahadur (2010). "Marginalization of Indigenous Languages of Nepal" (PDF). Contributions to Nepalese Studies. 37 (1): 73–74. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
- ^ Malla, Kamal P. "The Occupation of the Kathmandu Valley and its Fallout". p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
- ^ Grandin, Ingemar. "Between the market and Comrade Mao: Newar cultural activism and ethnic/political movements (Nepal)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". Retrieved 13 November 2013.
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